摘要:英译汉试题中对名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句考核次数最多。恰当地翻译从句对整个长句非常重要,因此,跨考教育英语教研室胡老师提醒考生...
英译汉试题中对名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句考核次数最多。恰当地翻译从句对整个长句非常重要,因此,跨考教育英语教研室胡老师提醒考生:对这些从句的译法,必须正确掌握。下文从定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句三种从句的译法进行详细讲解。希望对考生的复习有所帮助。一、定语从句的译法
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。由于二者在翻译时无大的差异,所以讨论时不加严格区分。定语从句的译法一般有三种:
(1)译成含“的”字结构的定语,放在先行词之前。由于定语从句的作用相当于定语,所以这种译法是最普遍的。不过,条件是定语不可过长。
I am going to see my grandmother, who was ill in bed, to take her some butter and eggs and a fresh-baked cake that my mother has made for her.
译文:_________________________
(2)采用“分译法”,将较长的定语从句独立出去,并将先行词重复一次。
Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
译文:_________________________
(3)译成状语从句。
Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts, moulds and bacteria.
译文:__________________________________________________
二、名词性从句的译法
名词行从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,它们中大多数可以适用“顺译法”—按原文的顺序翻译。但也有一些值得注意的地方:
⑴ 主语从句的译法:如主语从句和后面的成分都不长,则按顺序在一句话里完成;如主语很长,而其他成分很短,则可采用分译法;倘若二者长度相当且都较长,则采用分译法。
⑵ 表语从句的译法:通常用顺译法。
⑶ 宾语从句的译法:如宾语从句较长,且是第一层次的从句,句子往往在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开。
⑷ 同位语从句的译法:类似于定语从句的译法—处理成含“的”字结构的定语,其同位语则成为该定语修饰的对象;或采用分译法,先译同位语,再补充同位语从句的内容。如:
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
译文:_____________________________________________________
三、状语从句的译法
状语从句在句中用来表示时间、原因、条件、目的、让步、比较等等,这类从句往往用在主句后面,而汉语的习惯则要求将状语的内容先于主句表达,即要用逆译法。结果状语从句例外。
历年试题中的状语从句很多,值得特别注意的有:
(1)when引导的从句的译法
when引导的时间状语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开,说明主句是一个完整的句子,when从句与主句关系松散,只是一种语气很弱的补充。类似的情况还有which引导的非限定性定语从句,往往有逗号与主句隔开,所以翻译时常常用分译法,独立成句。
①When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.
译文:_____________________________________________________
②In general, the tests work most efficiently when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined…
译文:_________________________
(2)so…that…引导的结果状语从句,不应译成“如此……以至于……”如:
However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
译文:_________________________
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